Result:
Total Investment β $237,000
Profit β -$27,000
Notes: This loses money on paper. Strong sign to PASS unless ARV is proven higher or price drops a lot.
Profit: ARV β Total Investment. This is the estimated money left after selling the property.
ROI (Return on Investment): Profit Γ· Total Investment. Shows how efficient the deal is as a percentage.
Holding Costs: Costs paid while owning the property before resale or refinance. Examples include utilities, insurance, property taxes, interest, lawn care, and maintenance.
Purchase Price: The amount paid to acquire the property. For auctions this may include buyer premiums or fees.
Repair Budget: Estimated cost to fix the property so it can be sold or rented. Includes labor, materials, permits, and contractor costs.
Buffer (Contingency): Extra money set aside for unexpected repairs, delays, or cost overruns. Beginners should always include a buffer.
Closing Costs: Transaction costs paid when buying or selling property. Examples include title fees, recording fees, escrow fees, and lender costs.
Comps (Comparable Sales): Recently sold properties similar in size, condition, and location used to estimate ARV.
MAO (Maximum Allowable Offer): The highest price an investor should pay for a property while still maintaining a safe profit margin.
Equity: The difference between the property's value and the amount owed on it.
Cash Flow: Monthly rental income minus all expenses (mortgage, taxes, insurance, maintenance, vacancy, etc.).
NOI (Net Operating Income): Rental income minus operating expenses, not including mortgage payments.
DSCR (Debt Service Coverage Ratio): NOI Γ· Mortgage Payment. Lenders often require DSCR of around 1.20 or higher.
Vacancy Rate: Estimated percentage of time the property may be vacant and not producing rent.
Maintenance Reserve: Money set aside for ongoing repairs such as appliances, plumbing, roof, or HVAC over time.
Property Management: Cost of hiring a company to manage tenants, collect rent, and handle maintenance.
Refinance (Refi): Replacing the current loan with a new one, often used in BRRRR strategies to pull out invested capital.
BRRRR Strategy: Buy, Rehab, Rent, Refinance, Repeat. A long-term rental strategy used to recycle capital into additional properties.
Educational tool only. Always verify ARV, liens, taxes, occupancy, and repair scope before purchasing property.